BITS Pilani Scientists Demonstrate Quantum Advantage
Why in News?
Scientists from BITS Pilani, in collaboration with IBM Quantum, have successfully simulated the behaviour of subatomic particles using 120 qubits on an IBM quantum processor. The achievement highlights Quantum Advantage, where a quantum computer performs specific computational tasks more efficiently than the world’s most powerful classical supercomputers.
What is Quantum Advantage?
Quantum Advantage refers to the stage where a quantum computer can solve a specific computational problem faster, more accurately, or at a lower cost than the best available classical computers.
Unlike conventional computers that process information using bits (0 or 1), quantum computers use qubits, which exploit the principles of quantum mechanics such as:
- Superposition: A qubit can exist in multiple states simultaneously.
- Entanglement: Two or more qubits become interconnected, allowing information to be processed collectively.
- Quantum Interference: Enhances the probability of obtaining correct computational outcomes.
These properties enable quantum computers to perform highly complex calculations that are impractical for classical systems.
What is Quantum Computing?
Quantum Computing is an advanced computing technology that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information.
It has the potential to revolutionize fields such as:
- Drug discovery and pharmaceutical research
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
- Climate and weather modelling
- Cryptography and cybersecurity
- Financial modelling
- Materials science
- Nuclear and particle physics
- Logistics and optimization
Unlike classical computers, which process one calculation at a time, quantum computers can evaluate multiple possibilities simultaneously, dramatically increasing computational power for specific applications.
Challenges in Quantum Computing
Despite rapid advancements, quantum computing faces several technical challenges:
Decoherence and Noise
Quantum states are extremely fragile. Environmental disturbances can quickly destroy quantum information, reducing computational accuracy.
Error Correction
Quantum computers require a large number of physical qubits to create a single reliable logical qubit, making large-scale systems difficult to build.
Hardware Limitations
The development of indigenous quantum hardware, including qubit-grade materials, cryogenic cooling systems, and specialized fabrication technologies, remains at an early stage in many countries, including India.
National Quantum Mission (NQM)
To accelerate India’s quantum ecosystem, the Government launched the National Quantum Mission (NQM).
Key Features
- Implementing Ministry: Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- Duration: 2023–2031
- Budget: ₹6,003.65 crore
Objectives
The mission aims to:
- Develop quantum computers with 50–1,000 physical qubits.
- Establish secure quantum communication networks over 2,000 km.
- Develop Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for ultra-secure communication.
- Build multi-node quantum networks.
- Develop quantum sensors, atomic clocks, and magnetometers.
- Promote indigenous quantum materials and device fabrication.
Four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs)
The mission is implemented through four specialised hubs based on the Hub-Spoke-Spike Model:
- Quantum Computing
- Quantum Communication
- Quantum Sensing & Metrology
- Quantum Materials & Devices
These hubs are being established across leading academic and research institutions to strengthen India’s quantum research ecosystem.
Significance
The successful demonstration by BITS Pilani and IBM Quantum marks an important milestone in India’s quantum research journey. It showcases India’s growing capabilities in advanced computing and supports national efforts to develop indigenous quantum technologies.
As countries increasingly invest in quantum technologies for defence, cybersecurity, healthcare, finance, and scientific research, achievements like these strengthen India’s position in the global race for next-generation computing.
Important Facts for Exams
- Institution: BITS Pilani
- Collaborating Organisation: IBM Quantum
- Achievement: Simulation of subatomic particles using 120 qubits
- Key Concept: Quantum Advantage
- Implementing Agency of NQM: Department of Science and Technology (DST)
- National Quantum Mission Budget: ₹6,003.65 crore
- Mission Period: 2023–2031
- Target Quantum Computer: 50–1,000 physical qubits
- Qubit is the basic unit of quantum information.
- Superposition allows a qubit to exist in multiple states simultaneously.
- Entanglement enables correlated behaviour between quantum particles.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a highly secure communication method based on quantum mechanics.
- IBM Quantum is one of the world’s leading quantum computing platforms.
UPSC/UPPSC Mains Focus
GS Paper III: Science & Technology, Quantum Computing, Emerging Technologies, National Quantum Mission, Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, Research & Innovation.
Discover more from Srishti IAS
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
