PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDF: Physical Geography is one of the most important section from where many questions are framed in every exam. At the least, you get to solve at least more than one question from physical Geography section in each Exam.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDF:
Physical Geography is an essential subject for aspirants preparing for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examinations or State Public Service Commission (UPPSC, BPSC, MPPSC, RAS, TNPSC, APPSC or any other PSC) Examination. It covers various topics that are crucial to understanding the Earth’s physical features, landforms, climate patterns, and natural phenomena. To aid aspirants in their preparation, we are delighted to provide free access to high-quality Physical Geography notes in PDF format. This blog post will introduce you to the key topics in Physical Geography and also share a download link for the comprehensive notes.
UPSC PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY TOPICS
- Earth’s Structure and Composition: Understand the layers of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. Learn about plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of different landforms.
Geomorphology: Study the various landforms shaped by internal and external forces. This includes mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, glaciers, deserts, and coastal features.
Climatology: Explore the Earth’s climate system, including factors affecting climate, atmospheric circulation patterns, global climate change, monsoons, and climatic regions.
Biogeography: Discover the distribution of plants and animals across the globe. Learn about ecosystems, biodiversity, conservation, and the impact of human activities on the environment.
Hydrosphere: Gain knowledge about oceans, their physical properties, ocean currents, tides, waves, marine resources, and the impact of oceanic processes on climate.
Pedology and Soil Geography: Understand soil formation, classification, and distribution. Learn about soil erosion, soil conservation, and the role of soil in agriculture.
Environmental Geography: Explore the interaction between humans and the environment, including topics like environmental degradation, natural hazards, sustainable development, and environmental policies.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY NOTES PDF: CLICK ON BUTTON TO DOWNLOAD
Download Notes PDF- Universe, Solar System, Earth and Moon
Download Notes PDF- Climatology (Atmosphere)
Download Notes PDF- Climatology (Clouds)
Download Notes PDF- Climatology (Insolation, Heat Budget and Temperature Inversion)
Download Notes PDF- Physical Geography ( Volcanoes )
Few Previous Year Questions asked in UPSC CSE Prelims Exam
Question 1: Which of the following is/are the characteristic(s) of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon?
A. Positive IOD events lead to increased rainfall over the Indian subcontinent.
B. Negative IOD events cause a decrease in sea surface temperatures in the eastern Indian Ocean.
C. IOD has a significant influence on the Indian monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. A and B only
B. B and C only
C. A and C only
D. A, B, and C
Solution: C. A and C only
Explanation: The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon refers to the sea surface temperature anomaly between the western and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean. Positive IOD events occur when the western Indian Ocean is warmer than the eastern Indian Ocean, while negative IOD events occur when the eastern Indian Ocean is warmer.
Statement A is correct because positive IOD events are associated with increased rainfall over the Indian subcontinent, especially during the monsoon season.
Statement B is incorrect because negative IOD events cause an increase in sea surface temperatures in the eastern Indian Ocean, not a decrease.
Statement C is correct because IOD has a significant influence on the Indian monsoon, impacting the rainfall patterns.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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Question 2: Consider the following statements regarding the ozone layer:
A. It is located in the stratosphere.
B. Ozone molecules absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
C. Ozone depletion can lead to an increase in skin cancer cases.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. A and B only
B. B and C only
C. A and C only
D. A, B, and C
Solution: D. A, B, and C
Explanation: Statement A is correct. The ozone layer is a region in the Earth’s stratosphere, approximately 10 to 50 kilometers above the surface.
Statement B is correct. Ozone molecules have the ability to absorb and block a significant portion of the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Statement C is correct. Ozone depletion can result in increased levels of UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface, leading to an elevated risk of skin cancer and other health issues.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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Question 3: Which of the following statements regarding coral reefs is/are correct?
A. Coral reefs are found only in warm and shallow waters.
B. Coral reefs are important breeding grounds for many marine species.
C. Coral reefs are primarily composed of living corals.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. A and B only
B. B and C only
C. A and C only
D. A, B, and C
Solution: D. A, B, and C
Explanation: Statement A is correct. Coral reefs are typically found in warm, clear, and shallow waters, as they require sunlight for their growth and survival.
Statement B is correct. Coral reefs are vital breeding and nursery grounds for numerous marine species. They provide shelter, food, and protection for a wide variety of organisms.
Statement C is correct. Coral reefs are formed by the accumulation of the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals, which are living organisms. The corals build the reef structure over time through their growth and reproduction.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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Question 4: Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
A. Kanger Ghati National Park – Andhra Pradesh
B. Silent Valley National Park – Kerala
C. Simlipal National Park – Tamil Nadu
D. Keibul Lamjao National Park – Manipur
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. A and B only
B. B only
C. A and D only
D. B and D only
Solution: B. B only
Explanation: The correct match is:
B. Silent Valley National Park – Kerala
Silent Valley National Park is located in the state of Kerala in India. It is known for its rich biodiversity, tropical rainforests, and the presence of endangered species like the Lion-tailed macaque.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
It is important to note that the UPSCÂ CSE Pre examination may have a wide range of questions covering various subjects. It is advisable to thoroughly study the relevant topics, refer to official UPSC resources, and practice solving previous year question papers to enhance your preparation.
Few Previous Year Questions asked in UPSC CSE Mains Exam
Previous Year Questions from UPSC Mains Exams (Physical Geography): To give you a glimpse of the type of questions asked in UPSC examinations related to Physical Geography, here are a few examples:
Discuss the factors responsible for the formation of different types of rocks. (UPSC CSE 2020)
How does the phenomenon of El Niño affect the global climate? Explain with examples. (UPSC CSE 2019)
Describe the concept of the ‘Greenhouse Effect’ and its role in climate change. (UPSC CSE 2018)
Discuss the significance of biodiversity hotspots and their conservation strategies. (UPSC CSE 2017)
Explain the formation and characteristics of different types of deserts. (UPSC CSE 2016)
Remember, these questions are just a small sample, and a comprehensive understanding of the topics is essential for performing well in the UPSC examinations.
Physical Geography plays a significant role in the UPSC examination, and thorough preparation is crucial for success. We hope that the free downloadable Physical Geography notes provided in this blog post will assist you in your exam preparations. Remember to utilize these notes in conjunction with other study materials and practice previous year questions to enhance your understanding of the subject. Good luck with your UPSC journey!
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Very good notes. please upload all the notes.