Kerala researchers have made a significant discovery. They found a new species of semi-aquatic spider, named Dolomedes indicus, in the lush rainforests of Wayanad. This is the first confirmed record of a fishing spider from the Dolomedes genus in India. It is a significant milestone in Indian arachnology and biodiversity documentation.
Discovery in the Streams of Wayanad
The species was identified by scientists from the Kerala Forest Research Institute in:
- Lakkidi
- Periya forest regions
These spiders are found near fast-flowing streams, where they:
✔️ Hunt directly on the water surface
✔️ Detect prey using surface vibrations
✔️ Feed on insects & occasionally small fish
📌 One notable observation:
A female D. indicus was recorded diving underwater for up to 90 minutes. It trapped an air bubble between hydrophobic body hairs. This allowed it to breathe underwater.
A Unique Predator Without a Web
Unlike typical spiders that build webs, Dolomedes indicus:
- Chases prey instead of trapping it
- Uses speed and vibration sensitivity
- Moves effortlessly on water by exploiting surface tension
➡️ These behavioral traits are key identifiers for fishing spiders — placing the species in an ecologically specialised niche.
Significance for Western Ghats Biodiversity
The Western Ghats are one of the world’s four biodiversity hotspots in India.
This discovery:
📍 Highlights hidden species diversity
⚠️ Signals urgency for habitat conservation
🔬 Encourages further research on aquatic predators
Researchers believe similar unrecorded species may exist in other freshwater systems across India.
Exam-Oriented Facts
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Dolomedes indicus |
| Found in | Wayanad, Kerala (Lakkidi & Periya) |
| Habitat | Freshwater streams in rainforests |
| Family | Pisauridae |
| Type | Semi-aquatic, Fishing spider |
| Distinct Trait | Can dive underwater for ~90 minutes |
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